What is encapsulation in Python classes?

Can you explain what encapsulation means in Python classes?

Sure! Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that restricts access to certain components of an object. In Python, it allows you to bundle data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, or class.

How do I implement encapsulation in my Python class?

You can implement encapsulation by using private and public attributes. In Python, you can prefix an attribute with an underscore (e.g., _attribute) to indicate that it is intended for internal use. For strict encapsulation, you can use double underscores (e.g., __attribute) to make it harder to access from outside the class.

Can you give me an example of a class with encapsulation?

Of course! Here's a simple example:

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, balance):
        self.__balance = balance  # private attribute

    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.__balance += amount

    def get_balance(self):
        return self.__balance

In this example, __balance is a private attribute, and you can only modify it through the deposit method.

What are the benefits of using encapsulation?

Encapsulation helps in protecting the internal state of an object, reduces complexity, and increases code maintainability. It also allows you to change the internal implementation without affecting external code that uses the class.