How can I use advanced collections in Python?

How can I use advanced collections in Python?

You can use collections like defaultdict, Counter, and namedtuple from the collections module for more efficient data handling.

Can you give me an example of using defaultdict?

Sure! A defaultdict allows you to set a default value for a key that doesn't exist. For example:

from collections import defaultdict

my_dict = defaultdict(int)
my_dict['a'] += 1
print(my_dict)

This will output {'a': 1}.

What about using Counter?

Counter is great for counting hashable objects. For example:

from collections import Counter

my_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple']
count = Counter(my_list)
print(count)

This will output Counter({'apple': 2, 'banana': 1}).

How do I use namedtuple?

You can create a namedtuple to define a simple class-like structure. For example:

from collections import namedtuple

Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
pt = Point(10, 20)
print(pt.x, pt.y)

This will output 10 20.