What are the differences between async and sync in C++?

What are the differences between async and sync in C++?

In C++, synchronous (sync) operations block the execution until the task is completed, while asynchronous (async) operations allow other tasks to run concurrently without waiting.

Can you give me an example of async and sync code in C++?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

Sync:

#include <iostream>
void syncFunction() {
    std::cout << "Sync operation started" << std::endl;
    // Simulate a long task
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
    std::cout << "Sync operation finished" << std::endl;
}

Async:

#include <iostream>
#include <future>
void asyncFunction() {
    std::cout << "Async operation started" << std::endl;
    // Simulate a long task
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
    std::cout << "Async operation finished" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    std::future<void> result = std::async(std::launch::async, asyncFunction);
    std::cout << "Doing other work while async operation runs..." << std::endl;
    result.get(); // Wait for async to finish
}

What are the benefits of using async over sync?

The benefits of using async include improved responsiveness, better resource utilization, and the ability to perform multiple tasks concurrently without blocking the main thread.

Are there any downsides to using async?

Yes, async can introduce complexity in error handling, debugging, and managing the lifecycle of tasks. It may also lead to race conditions if not handled properly.