What are AVL trees and how do they work?

What are AVL trees and how do they work?

AVL trees are a type of self-balancing binary search tree. They maintain their balance by ensuring that the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one.

Why are they called AVL trees?

They are named after their inventors, Georgy Adelson-Velsky and Evgenii Landis, who introduced them in 1962.

How do AVL trees maintain balance?

AVL trees maintain balance through rotations. When a node is added or removed, the tree checks the balance factor and performs rotations to restore balance if necessary.

Can you explain the types of rotations?

Sure! There are four types of rotations: single right, single left, double right-left, and double left-right rotations, each used based on the imbalance direction.

What are the advantages of using AVL trees?

AVL trees provide faster lookups compared to other self-balancing trees, as they are more rigidly balanced, ensuring O(log n) time complexity for search operations.