What are the best practices for encapsulation in Java?

What are the best practices for encapsulation in Java?

Encapsulation in Java is about bundling the data and methods that operate on the data within one unit, typically a class. Best practices include using private variables, providing public getter and setter methods, and keeping the class focused on a single responsibility.

Can you explain why private variables are important?

Private variables protect the integrity of the data by restricting direct access from outside the class. This helps maintain control over how the data is modified.

What is the role of getter and setter methods?

Getter and setter methods allow controlled access to private variables. Getters retrieve the value, while setters validate and set the value, ensuring data integrity.

Are there any common mistakes to avoid with encapsulation?

Yes, common mistakes include making variables public, not using getters and setters, and overusing encapsulation by making everything private without reason.

How does encapsulation relate to other OOP principles?

Encapsulation is one of the four main principles of OOP, along with inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It helps in achieving data hiding and modularity.