What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

When using smart pointers in C++, it's important to choose the right type: use std::unique_ptr for exclusive ownership, std::shared_ptr for shared ownership, and std::weak_ptr to avoid circular references.

Can you explain when to use std::weak_ptr?

std::weak_ptr is used to break circular references between std::shared_ptrs. It allows you to reference an object without increasing its reference count, preventing memory leaks.

What are the performance implications of using smart pointers?

Smart pointers can introduce some overhead compared to raw pointers, especially std::shared_ptr due to reference counting. However, they provide better memory management and safety.

Are there any common pitfalls to avoid with smart pointers?

Yes, common pitfalls include creating circular references with std::shared_ptr, using std::unique_ptr incorrectly, and forgetting to reset or release smart pointers when they're no longer needed.