What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

When using smart pointers in C++, it's important to choose the right type: use std::unique_ptr for exclusive ownership, std::shared_ptr for shared ownership, and std::weak_ptr to avoid circular references.

Can you explain when to use std::shared_ptr?

Use std::shared_ptr when multiple owners need to share the same resource. It keeps track of how many pointers point to the same object and deletes it when the last pointer is destroyed.

What are the downsides of using std::shared_ptr?

The downsides include overhead from reference counting, potential for circular references, and increased complexity in managing ownership.

How do I avoid memory leaks when using smart pointers?

To avoid memory leaks, ensure that you don't create circular references with std::shared_ptr. Use std::weak_ptr to break cycles and always prefer std::unique_ptr when possible.