What are advanced data structures like stacks and queues in C++?

Can you explain what a stack is in C++?

A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle. You can add and remove elements from the top only.

How do I implement a stack in C++?

You can implement a stack using an array or a linked list. Would you like a code example for either?

Yes, please provide a code example using an array.

Here's a simple implementation of a stack using an array:

class Stack {
private:
    int top;
    int maxSize;
    int* stackArray;
public:
    Stack(int size) {
        maxSize = size;
        stackArray = new int[maxSize];
        top = -1;
    }
    void push(int value) {
        if (top < maxSize - 1) {
            stackArray[++top] = value;
        }
    }
    int pop() {
        if (top >= 0) {
            return stackArray[top--];
        }
        return -1; // Stack underflow
    }
};

This code defines a stack class with push and pop methods.

What about queues? How are they different from stacks?

A queue is a linear data structure that follows the First In First Out (FIFO) principle, meaning the first element added is the first to be removed. Unlike stacks, you can add elements at the back and remove them from the front.