What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

What are the best practices for using smart pointers in C++?

When using smart pointers in C++, it's important to choose the right type: std::unique_ptr for exclusive ownership, std::shared_ptr for shared ownership, and std::weak_ptr to avoid circular references.

Can you explain when to use std::unique_ptr over std::shared_ptr?

Use std::unique_ptr when you want sole ownership of a resource, which ensures that the resource is automatically released when the pointer goes out of scope. This is more efficient than std::shared_ptr, which incurs overhead due to reference counting.

What are some common pitfalls to avoid with smart pointers?

Common pitfalls include creating circular references with std::shared_ptr, using raw pointers when smart pointers are more appropriate, and forgetting to reset or release smart pointers when they are no longer needed.

How do smart pointers improve memory management in C++?

Smart pointers automate memory management by ensuring that resources are properly released when they are no longer needed, reducing the risk of memory leaks and dangling pointers.