What are constructors and initialization lists in C++?

Can you explain what constructors and initialization lists are in C++?

Sure! In C++, a constructor is a special member function that is called when an object of a class is created. It initializes the object.

What is an initialization list and how is it used in constructors?

An initialization list is a way to initialize member variables of a class before the constructor's body executes. It's written after the constructor's parameter list, using a colon.

Can you give me an example of using an initialization list?

Of course! Here's a simple example:

class Point {
public:
    int x, y;
    Point(int xVal, int yVal) : x(xVal), y(yVal) {}
};

In this example, x and y are initialized using the values passed to the constructor.

Are there any advantages to using initialization lists?

Yes! Initialization lists can improve performance by directly initializing member variables rather than assigning values in the constructor body. They are also necessary for initializing const or reference members.