C++: Dynamic Programming vs Iterative

What are the main differences between dynamic programming and iterative methods in C++?

Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems, storing the results to avoid redundant calculations. Iterative methods, on the other hand, solve problems through repeated application of a set of operations until a condition is met.

Can you give me an example of a problem that can be solved using both methods?

Sure! The Fibonacci sequence is a classic example. You can calculate it using an iterative approach with a loop or using dynamic programming by storing previously computed values.

Which method is more efficient in terms of time and space complexity?

Dynamic programming can be more efficient in terms of time complexity for problems with overlapping subproblems, as it avoids redundant calculations. However, it may use more space due to storing intermediate results. Iterative methods typically use less space but may take longer for complex problems.

Are there specific scenarios where one method is preferred over the other?

Yes, dynamic programming is preferred for problems like the Knapsack problem or shortest path algorithms, where overlapping subproblems exist. Iterative methods are often used for simpler problems or when memory usage is a concern.