C++: Heap vs Binary Search Tree

What are the main differences between a heap and a binary search tree in C++?

A heap is a complete binary tree used for priority queues, while a binary search tree (BST) maintains sorted order for efficient searching.

Can you explain how insertion works in both data structures?

In a heap, insertion involves adding the element at the end and then 'bubbling up' to maintain the heap property. In a BST, you find the correct position by comparing values and placing the new node accordingly.

Which one is more efficient for searching?

A binary search tree is generally more efficient for searching, with an average time complexity of O(log n), while heaps are not optimized for search operations.

Are there any scenarios where a heap would be preferred over a BST?

Yes, heaps are preferred when you need to frequently access the highest or lowest priority element, such as in scheduling algorithms.