What are iterator invalidations in C++?

Can you explain what iterator invalidations are in C++?

Iterator invalidation occurs when the underlying container of an iterator is modified, making the iterator unusable.

What kinds of operations can cause iterator invalidation?

Common operations include adding or removing elements from a container, like vectors or lists, which can invalidate iterators.

Are there specific containers that are more prone to iterator invalidation?

Yes, for example, vectors and deques can invalidate iterators when elements are added or removed, while lists are generally safer.

How can I avoid iterator invalidation in my code?

To avoid invalidation, you can use methods like reserving space in vectors or using smart pointers to manage memory.