C++: Iterator vs Range-Based For

What is the difference between using an iterator and a range-based for loop in C++?

The main difference is that iterators provide more control over the iteration process, while range-based for loops offer simplicity and readability.

Can you give me an example of both?

Sure! For an iterator, you might use:

std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3};
for (auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) {
    std::cout << *it << ' ';
}

And for a range-based for loop:

for (int num : vec) {
    std::cout << num << ' ';
}

When should I prefer one over the other?

Use iterators when you need more control, like modifying the container during iteration. Use range-based for loops for cleaner, simpler code when you just need to read elements.

Are there any performance differences?

Generally, both methods have similar performance, but iterators can be slightly more efficient in certain cases, especially with complex data structures.