What are iterators in the C++ Standard Library?

Can you explain what iterators are in the C++ Standard Library?

Sure! Iterators are objects that allow you to traverse through the elements of a container in C++. They provide a way to access the elements without exposing the underlying structure.

How do they differ from pointers?

While pointers can be used as iterators, iterators are more abstract. They can represent different types of containers and provide a consistent interface for traversal, regardless of the underlying data structure.

Can you give me an example of using an iterator with a vector?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << ' ';
    }
}

This code uses an iterator to print each element in the vector.

What are some common types of iterators in C++?

Common types of iterators include input iterators, output iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, and random access iterators. Each type has different capabilities and use cases.