How do lambda expressions work in C++ standard algorithms?

Can you explain how lambda expressions work in C++ standard algorithms?

Sure! Lambda expressions in C++ allow you to create anonymous functions that can be used as arguments in standard algorithms like std::sort or std::for_each. They provide a concise way to define custom behavior.

Can you give me an example of using a lambda with std::sort?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {5, 2, 9, 1, 5, 6};
    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), [](int a, int b) { return a < b; });
    for (int n : numbers) std::cout << n << ' ';
}

This sorts the vector in ascending order using a lambda expression.

What are the benefits of using lambda expressions?

Lambda expressions make your code more readable and concise. They allow you to define the behavior inline without needing to create a separate function, which can reduce boilerplate code.

Are there any limitations to using lambda expressions?

Yes, lambda expressions can capture variables from their surrounding scope, but they must be careful with the lifetime of those variables. Also, they cannot be used as a replacement for all function types, especially when you need to pass a function pointer.