C++ Macros vs Functions: What's the Difference?

What are the main differences between macros and functions in C++?

Macros are preprocessor directives that perform text substitution, while functions are blocks of code that execute when called.

Can you explain how macros can lead to code issues?

Sure! Macros can cause problems like unexpected behavior due to lack of type checking and can lead to code bloat.

When should I use a function instead of a macro?

You should use functions when you need type safety, better debugging, and maintainability, especially for complex operations.

Are there any performance differences between using macros and functions?

Yes, macros can be faster since they are expanded inline, but functions can be optimized by the compiler, so the difference may vary.

Can you give an example of a macro and a function?

Certainly! A macro example: #define SQUARE(x) ((x) * (x)). A function example: int square(int x) { return x * x; }.