What are memory leaks in C++ and how can I prevent them?

What are memory leaks in C++ and how can I prevent them?

Memory leaks in C++ occur when allocated memory is not deallocated, leading to wasted resources. To prevent them, always ensure that every new has a corresponding delete, and consider using smart pointers.

Can you explain how smart pointers work?

Smart pointers are objects that manage the lifetime of dynamically allocated memory. They automatically deallocate memory when it's no longer needed, helping to prevent memory leaks. Common types include std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr.

What are the differences between unique_ptr and shared_ptr?

std::unique_ptr allows only one owner of the memory, ensuring exclusive access, while std::shared_ptr allows multiple owners, using reference counting to manage the memory.

Are there any tools to detect memory leaks in C++?

Yes, tools like Valgrind, AddressSanitizer, and Visual Studio's built-in diagnostics can help detect memory leaks in C++ applications.