How does concurrency work in the C++ standard library?

Can you explain how concurrency works in the C++ standard library?

Sure! Concurrency in the C++ standard library is primarily managed through threads, mutexes, and condition variables.

What are threads and how do I create one in C++?

Threads are independent sequences of execution. You can create a thread using the std::thread class.

What about synchronization? How do I ensure threads don't interfere with each other?

You can use mutexes for synchronization. A mutex allows only one thread to access a resource at a time.

Can you give me an example of using a mutex?

Certainly! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;

void print(int id) {
    mtx.lock();
    std::cout << "Thread " << id << " is running." << std::endl;
    mtx.unlock();
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(print, 1);
    std::thread t2(print, 2);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}