C++: std::variant vs std::optional

What are the main differences between std::variant and std::optional in C++?

std::variant can hold one of several types, while std::optional represents an optional value of a single type.

When should I use std::variant instead of std::optional?

Use std::variant when you need to represent multiple types, and std::optional when a value may or may not be present.

Can you give an example of when to use each?

Sure! Use std::optional for a function that may return a value or nothing, and std::variant for a function that can return different types based on conditions.

Are there any performance considerations I should be aware of?

Yes, std::variant may have a larger memory footprint due to storing multiple types, while std::optional is more lightweight.