What are some examples of using std::vector in C++?

Can you show me some examples of using std::vector in C++?

Sure! std::vector is a dynamic array in C++. Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers;
    numbers.push_back(10);
    numbers.push_back(20);
    numbers.push_back(30);

    for(int num : numbers) {
        std::cout << num << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

This code creates a vector of integers and adds three numbers to it.

What are the advantages of using std::vector over arrays?

std::vector offers several advantages over traditional arrays:

1. Dynamic sizing: Vectors can grow and shrink in size as needed.
2. Easy to use: They provide member functions for adding, removing, and accessing elements.
3. Memory management: Vectors handle memory allocation and deallocation automatically.

Can you explain how to iterate through a std::vector?

Certainly! You can iterate through a std::vector using a range-based for loop or an index-based for loop. Here’s an example using both:

// Range-based for loop
for (int num : numbers) {
    std::cout << num << " ";
}

// Index-based for loop
for (size_t i = 0; i < numbers.size(); ++i) {
    std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}

Both methods will print the elements of the vector.

What happens if I try to access an out-of-bounds index?

Accessing an out-of-bounds index in a std::vector results in undefined behavior. If you use the at() method instead of the subscript operator, it will throw an std::out_of_range exception, which is safer.