How can I use the C++ thread library for synchronization?

How can I use the C++ thread library for synchronization?

You can use mutexes, condition variables, and locks from the C++ thread library to synchronize threads.

Can you give me an example of using a mutex?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;

void printThread(int id) {
    mtx.lock();
    std::cout << "Thread " << id << " is running." << std::endl;
    mtx.unlock();
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(printThread, 1);
    std::thread t2(printThread, 2);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}

What are condition variables and how do I use them?

Condition variables are used to block a thread until a particular condition is met. You can use them with a mutex to synchronize access to shared data.

Can you show me a code example with condition variables?

Certainly! Here's a basic example:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
bool ready = false;

void waitForSignal() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    cv.wait(lock, [] { return ready; });
    std::cout << "Thread received signal!" << std::endl;
}

void sendSignal() {
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    ready = true;
    cv.notify_one();
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(waitForSignal);
    std::thread t2(sendSignal);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}