What are some common tree implementations in C++?

What are some common tree implementations in C++?

Common tree implementations in C++ include binary trees, binary search trees, AVL trees, and red-black trees.

Can you explain the difference between a binary tree and a binary search tree?

A binary tree is a tree data structure where each node has at most two children. A binary search tree (BST) is a binary tree with the additional property that the left child contains only nodes with values less than the parent node, and the right child only nodes with values greater.

What are AVL trees and why are they important?

AVL trees are self-balancing binary search trees. They maintain their balance by ensuring that the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one, which helps in keeping operations like insertion, deletion, and lookup efficient.

Can you provide a simple code example of a binary search tree in C++?

Sure! Here's a simple implementation:

class Node {
public:
    int data;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
    Node(int val) : data(val), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
};

class BST {
private:
    Node* root;
    void insert(Node*& node, int val) {
        if (!node) {
            node = new Node(val);
        } else if (val < node->data) {
            insert(node->left, val);
        } else {
            insert(node->right, val);
        }
    }
public:
    BST() : root(nullptr) {}
    void insert(int val) {
        insert(root, val);
    }
};

This code defines a simple binary search tree with an insert function.