What are some examples of function overloading in C++ templates?

Can you explain function overloading in C++ templates with examples?

Sure! Function overloading allows you to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. In C++ templates, this can be particularly useful. For example, you can create a template function that adds two values, and overload it for different types.

Can you show me a specific example of that?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

template <typename T>
T add(T a, T b) {
    return a + b;
}

int main() {
    cout << add(5, 3); // Calls add<int>
    cout << add(5.5, 2.3); // Calls add<double>
}

This demonstrates how the same function name add works for both integers and doubles.

What happens if I try to add incompatible types?

If you try to add incompatible types, the compiler will throw an error because it won't be able to deduce a valid template instantiation. For example, trying to call add(5, "text") would result in a compilation error.

Are there any limitations to function overloading in templates?

Yes, there are some limitations. For instance, the function signatures must differ in the number or type of parameters. Also, if the compiler cannot distinguish between overloaded functions, it will result in an ambiguity error.