What is hashing in C++11 data structures?

Can you explain what hashing is in the context of C++11 data structures?

Hashing is a technique used to uniquely identify data using a hash function, which converts input into a fixed-size string of bytes.

How does hashing improve the performance of data structures?

Hashing allows for faster data retrieval by using hash tables, which provide average-case constant time complexity for lookups.

What are some common hashing algorithms used in C++?

Common hashing algorithms in C++ include MD5, SHA-1, and custom hash functions defined using the std::hash template.

Can you show me an example of using a hash table in C++11?

Sure! You can use std::unordered_map in C++11, which is a hash table implementation. Here's a simple example:

#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::unordered_map<std::string, int> myMap;
    myMap["apple"] = 1;
    myMap["banana"] = 2;
    return 0;
}