What are the differences between iterators and range-based for in C++11?

What are the differences between iterators and range-based for in C++11?

In C++11, iterators provide a way to traverse elements in a container, while range-based for loops simplify this process.

Can you give me an example of using both?

Sure! Using iterators: for(auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) { std::cout << *it; }. For range-based: for(auto& elem : vec) { std::cout << elem; }.

Which one is more efficient?

Both are efficient, but range-based for loops are often more readable and less error-prone.

Are there any limitations to range-based for?

Yes, range-based for loops cannot modify the container's structure during iteration and may not work with all types of containers.