What are lvalue references in C++11?

Can you explain what lvalue references are in C++11?

Sure! Lvalue references in C++11 are a type of reference that can bind to lvalues, which are objects that have a persistent state.

How do lvalue references differ from rvalue references?

Lvalue references can bind to lvalues, while rvalue references, introduced in C++11, can bind to temporary objects or rvalues.

Can you give me an example of using lvalue references?

Certainly! Here's a simple example:

int x = 10;
int& ref = x; // ref is an lvalue reference to x

What are the benefits of using lvalue references?

Lvalue references allow for efficient parameter passing and can help avoid unnecessary copies of objects, improving performance.