What are the differences between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++?

What are the differences between unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr in C++?

In C++, unique_ptr is a smart pointer that owns a dynamically allocated object exclusively. shared_ptr allows multiple pointers to share ownership of an object, while weak_ptr is used to break circular references by providing a non-owning reference.

Can you explain how unique_ptr manages memory?

unique_ptr automatically deletes the associated object when it goes out of scope, ensuring no memory leaks occur. It cannot be copied, only moved, which enforces unique ownership.

What are the use cases for shared_ptr?

shared_ptr is useful in scenarios where multiple parts of a program need to share ownership of an object, such as in observer patterns or when passing objects between threads.

How does weak_ptr help prevent memory leaks?

weak_ptr does not contribute to the reference count of the shared_ptr, allowing it to safely reference an object without preventing its deletion, thus avoiding memory leaks in circular references.