What are the key differences between C++11 and previous C++ standard libraries?

What are the key differences between C++11 and previous C++ standard libraries?

C++11 introduced several new features like smart pointers, lambda expressions, and the <thread> library for multithreading. These enhancements improve memory management and concurrency.

Can you explain what smart pointers are and how they differ from regular pointers?

Smart pointers, like std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr, automatically manage memory, preventing leaks. Unlike regular pointers, they ensure that memory is freed when no longer needed.

What are lambda expressions and why are they useful?

Lambda expressions allow you to define anonymous functions directly in your code. They are useful for writing concise and readable code, especially when working with algorithms.

How does the <thread> library improve multithreading in C++?

The <thread> library simplifies multithreading by providing a straightforward API for creating and managing threads, making it easier to write concurrent programs.

Are there any performance improvements in C++11 compared to earlier versions?

Yes, C++11 includes optimizations like move semantics, which can significantly improve performance by reducing unnecessary copying of objects.