How does the C++11 std::priority_queue work?

Can you explain how the C++11 std::priority_queue works?

Sure! The std::priority_queue in C++11 is a container adaptor that provides a way to maintain a collection of elements in a specific order, where the highest (or lowest) priority element can be accessed quickly.

How do I visualize the elements in a priority queue?

You can visualize a priority queue as a binary heap. The parent node is always greater than or equal to its children, which helps maintain the order.

Can you show me a code example of using std::priority_queue?

Absolutely! Here's a simple example:

#include <queue>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::priority_queue<int> pq;
    pq.push(10);
    pq.push(30);
    pq.push(20);
    while (!pq.empty()) {
        std::cout << pq.top() << ' '; // Outputs: 30 20 10
        pq.pop();
    }
}

What are the main use cases for priority queues?

Priority queues are commonly used in algorithms like Dijkstra's for shortest paths, scheduling tasks, and managing events in simulations.