What are the implementation details of stack and queue in C++11?

What are the implementation details of stack and queue in C++11?

In C++11, both stack and queue are part of the Standard Template Library (STL). A stack is implemented as a LIFO (Last In, First Out) data structure, while a queue is a FIFO (First In, First Out) structure. They are typically implemented using the underlying container classes like vector or deque.

Can you explain how to use std::stack and std::queue?

Sure! To use std::stack, you include the header <stack> and create a stack object. You can push elements using push() and pop them using pop(). For std::queue, include <queue> and use similar methods: push() to add elements and pop() to remove them.

What are the advantages of using std::deque for these implementations?

Using std::deque for stack and queue implementations provides better performance for both push and pop operations at both ends, compared to std::vector, which may require reallocations.

Are there any performance considerations I should be aware of?

Yes, performance can vary based on the underlying container. std::deque generally offers constant time complexity for push and pop operations, while std::vector may have amortized linear time complexity due to resizing.