C++11: Standard Variant vs Union

What are the main differences between std::variant and union in C++11?

The main differences are that std::variant is type-safe and can hold multiple types, while union is a low-level construct that can only hold one type at a time.

Can you give an example of how to use std::variant?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <variant>
#include <iostream>

std::variant<int, float> myVar;

myVar = 10; // holds an int
std::cout << std::get<int>(myVar) << std::endl;

myVar = 3.14f; // now holds a float
std::cout << std::get<float>(myVar) << std::endl;

What are the advantages of using std::variant over union?

std::variant provides type safety, automatic memory management, and better integration with C++ features like exceptions and type traits.

Are there any performance considerations when using std::variant?

Yes, std::variant may have some overhead due to type safety and additional features, but it often results in safer and more maintainable code.