What is the order of constructor initialization in C++?

What is the order of constructor initialization in C++?

In C++, the order of constructor initialization is determined by the order of declaration in the class. Base class constructors are called first, followed by member initializers, and finally the derived class constructor.

Can you give me an example to illustrate this?

Sure! Consider a base class Base and a derived class Derived. When you create an object of Derived, the constructor of Base is called first, then the member initializers of Derived, and finally the Derived constructor itself.

What happens if I have multiple base classes?

In the case of multiple inheritance, the constructors of the base classes are called in the order they are listed in the derived class's constructor initialization list.

Are there any exceptions to this order?

The only exception is if you explicitly call a base class constructor in the derived class's constructor initialization list, which will then be called first.