What are C++ standard library iterators?

Can you explain what C++ standard library iterators are?

C++ standard library iterators are objects that allow you to traverse the elements of a container, like arrays or vectors, without exposing the underlying structure.

How do they differ from regular pointers?

Unlike regular pointers, iterators provide a uniform interface for different types of containers and can support various operations like incrementing and dereferencing.

Can you give me an example of using an iterator with a vector?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    for (auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << ' ';
    }
}

This code uses an iterator to print each element in the vector.

What are some common types of iterators in C++?

Common types of iterators in C++ include input iterators, output iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, and random access iterators.