What are C++ STL iterators and how do they work?

What are C++ STL iterators and how do they work?

C++ STL iterators are objects that allow you to traverse through the elements of a container, like arrays or lists, without exposing the underlying structure.

Can you explain the different types of iterators available in C++?

Sure! There are several types of iterators in C++: input iterators, output iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, and random access iterators. Each has its own capabilities.

What is the difference between a vector iterator and a list iterator?

A vector iterator allows random access, meaning you can jump to any element directly, while a list iterator only allows sequential access due to the linked list structure.

How do I use an iterator to loop through a vector?

You can use a for loop with the iterator, like this: for(auto it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) { /* access *it */ }.

Are there any common pitfalls when using iterators?

Yes, common pitfalls include dereferencing invalid iterators, modifying a container while iterating through it, and using iterators beyond their valid range.