What is encapsulation in C++11?

Can you explain what encapsulation is in C++11?

Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that restricts access to certain components of an object. In C++11, it allows you to bundle data and methods that operate on that data within a class, controlling access through public, private, and protected access specifiers.

Why is encapsulation important in programming?

Encapsulation is important because it helps to protect the internal state of an object from unintended interference and misuse. It promotes modularity and maintainability, making it easier to manage and update code.

Can you give me an example of encapsulation in C++11?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

class BankAccount {
private:
    double balance;
public:
    BankAccount() : balance(0) {}
    void deposit(double amount) {
        balance += amount;
    }
    double getBalance() const {
        return balance;
    }
};

In this example, the balance variable is private, and can only be accessed through the public methods deposit and getBalance.

What are the access specifiers in C++?

In C++, there are three main access specifiers: public, private, and protected. Public members can be accessed from outside the class, private members cannot be accessed from outside the class, and protected members can be accessed in derived classes.