What are some common cache algorithms and how can I implement them?

What are some common cache algorithms and how can I implement them?

Common cache algorithms include LRU (Least Recently Used), FIFO (First In First Out), and LFU (Least Frequently Used). Would you like a brief overview of each?

Yes, please explain LRU and how I can implement it in Python.

LRU keeps track of the order of usage and evicts the least recently used item when the cache is full. You can implement it using a dictionary and a doubly linked list in Python.

Can you provide a sample code for LRU cache implementation?

Sure! Here's a simple implementation:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, key, value):
        self.key = key
        self.value = value
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None

class LRUCache:
    def __init__(self, capacity):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = {}
        self.head = Node(0, 0)
        self.tail = Node(0, 0)
        self.head.next = self.tail
        self.tail.prev = self.head

    def _remove(self, node):
        node.prev.next = node.next
        node.next.prev = node.prev

    def _add(self, node):
        node.prev = self.head
        node.next = self.head.next
        self.head.next.prev = node
        self.head.next = node

    def get(self, key):
        if key in self.cache:
            node = self.cache[key]
            self._remove(node)
            self._add(node)
            return node.value
        return -1

    def put(self, key, value):
        if key in self.cache:
            self._remove(self.cache[key])
        node = Node(key, value)
        self.cache[key] = node
        self._add(node)
        if len(self.cache) > self.capacity:
            lru = self.head.next
            self._remove(lru)
            del self.cache[lru.key]