Can you explain abstract classes and interfaces?

Can you explain abstract classes and interfaces?

Sure! Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can contain abstract methods, which are methods without a body. Interfaces, on the other hand, define a contract that implementing classes must follow, but they cannot contain any implementation.

What are the main differences between them?

The main differences are: 1) Abstract classes can have state (fields), while interfaces cannot. 2) A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class. 3) Abstract classes can provide some method implementations, while interfaces cannot.

When should I use an abstract class instead of an interface?

Use an abstract class when you want to share code among closely related classes. If you need to define a contract for classes that may not be related, use an interface.

Can you give me an example of each?

Sure! An abstract class example could be a Shape class with an abstract method draw(). An interface example could be Drawable with a method draw(), which any class can implement.