What are the main challenges in causal inference?

What are the main challenges in causal inference?

Causal inference faces several challenges, including confounding variables, measurement error, and selection bias.

Can you explain what confounding variables are?

Confounding variables are factors that influence both the independent and dependent variables, potentially skewing results.

How can we control for confounding variables?

We can control for confounding variables through techniques like randomization, matching, or using statistical controls in analysis.

What is selection bias?

Selection bias occurs when the sample used in a study is not representative of the population, leading to inaccurate conclusions.