What is quantum key distribution and how does it work?

What is quantum key distribution and how does it work?

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that uses quantum mechanics to share encryption keys. It ensures that any attempt to eavesdrop on the key exchange will be detectable.

How does it ensure security against eavesdropping?

QKD uses the principles of quantum superposition and entanglement. If an eavesdropper tries to intercept the key, the quantum state of the particles will change, alerting the communicating parties.

Can you give an example of how QKD is implemented?

Sure! One common implementation is the BB84 protocol, where two parties exchange quantum bits (qubits) using polarized photons. They measure the qubits in different bases and compare their results to establish a secure key.

What are the practical applications of quantum key distribution?

QKD is used in secure communications for banking, government, and military applications, where data security is critical.