What are the differences between data structures in C++17?

What are the differences between data structures in C++17?

C++17 introduced several enhancements to data structures. For instance, std::optional, std::variant, and std::any were added. These provide more flexible ways to handle data.

Can you explain how std::optional works?

Sure! std::optional is a wrapper that can contain a value or be empty. It's useful for functions that may not return a value.

How does std::variant differ from std::any?

std::variant can hold one of several specified types, while std::any can hold any type. This makes std::variant safer and more efficient for known types.

Are there performance implications when using these new structures?

Yes, std::optional and std::variant can improve performance by avoiding unnecessary heap allocations, but their overhead depends on usage patterns.