What is the architecture of a C++ compiler?

What is the architecture of a C++ compiler?

The architecture of a C++ compiler typically includes several key components: the front end, middle end, and back end. The front end handles lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis. The middle end performs optimization, and the back end generates machine code.

Can you explain the front end in more detail?

Sure! The front end of a C++ compiler is responsible for converting the source code into an intermediate representation. It includes the lexer, which breaks the code into tokens, and the parser, which checks the syntax and builds a parse tree. Finally, semantic analysis ensures that the code adheres to the language's rules.

What kind of optimizations are done in the middle end?

In the middle end, optimizations can include dead code elimination, loop unrolling, inlining functions, and constant folding. These optimizations aim to improve performance and reduce resource usage without changing the program's output.

How does the back end generate machine code?

The back end translates the intermediate representation into machine code specific to the target architecture. It involves instruction selection, register allocation, and code generation, ensuring that the final output is efficient and executable on the intended hardware.