What are the best practices for encapsulation in C++ and Java?

What are the best practices for encapsulation in C++ and Java?

Encapsulation is a fundamental principle in OOP. In C++, use private and protected access modifiers to restrict access. In Java, use getters and setters to control access to class fields.

Can you give examples of using getters and setters in Java?

Sure! In Java, you might have a class like this:

public class Person {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

What about C++? How do I implement encapsulation there?

In C++, you can use private members and public methods. For example:

class Person {
private:
    std::string name;
public:
    std::string getName() {
        return name;
    }
    void setName(std::string name) {
        this->name = name;
    }
};

Are there any common mistakes to avoid with encapsulation?

Yes, common mistakes include exposing too many details through public methods or not using access modifiers effectively. Always aim to keep your class interface clean and intuitive.