What are some effective error handling techniques in C++ and Java?

What are some effective error handling techniques in C++ and Java?

In C++, you can use exceptions, error codes, and assertions. In Java, exceptions are the primary method. Would you like examples?

Yes, please provide examples for both C++ and Java.

In C++, you might use try and catch blocks to handle exceptions. For example:

try {
    // code that may throw an exception
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
    std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}

In Java, it looks similar:

try {
    // code that may throw an exception
} catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}

What about using error codes in C++?

In C++, you can return an error code from a function to indicate success or failure. For example:

int function() {
    if (/* error condition */) {
        return -1; // error code
    }
    return 0; // success
}
``` This method requires the caller to check the return value.