What are the key OOP concepts in C++ and Java?

What are the key OOP concepts in C++ and Java?

The key OOP concepts in both C++ and Java include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Can you explain encapsulation with an example?

Sure! Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, like a class. For example, in C++:

class Car {
private:
    int speed;
public:
    void setSpeed(int s) { speed = s; }
    int getSpeed() { return speed; }
};

Here, speed is private and can only be accessed through public methods.

What about inheritance? How does it work in both languages?

Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. In C++, you can use : to specify inheritance:

class Vehicle {};
class Car : public Vehicle {};

In Java, it’s done using the extends keyword:

class Vehicle {}
class Car extends Vehicle {}

Can you give me a brief overview of polymorphism?

Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object that it is acting upon. In C++, you can achieve this through function overloading and overriding. In Java, method overriding is a common way to implement polymorphism.