How do synchronization mechanisms differ between C++ and Java?

How do synchronization mechanisms differ between C++ and Java?

In C++, synchronization is often handled using mutexes and condition variables from the Standard Library, while Java provides built-in synchronization through the synchronized keyword and higher-level constructs like ReentrantLock.

Can you explain how a mutex works in C++?

A mutex in C++ is a mutual exclusion object that prevents multiple threads from accessing a shared resource simultaneously. You lock the mutex before accessing the resource and unlock it afterward.

What about Java's synchronized keyword?

In Java, the synchronized keyword can be applied to methods or blocks of code to ensure that only one thread can execute that section at a time, effectively preventing race conditions.

Are there any performance differences between using mutexes in C++ and synchronized in Java?

Yes, performance can vary. C++ mutexes are generally more lightweight and can be more efficient, while Java's synchronized can introduce more overhead due to its built-in locking mechanisms.