How do macros compare to functions in C++ performance?

How do macros compare to functions in C++ performance?

Macros in C++ are expanded at compile time, which can lead to faster execution since there's no function call overhead. However, they can increase code size and reduce readability.

Are there any downsides to using macros instead of functions?

Yes, macros can lead to code bloat and debugging difficulties. They don't have type safety, which can cause unexpected behavior.

In what scenarios should I prefer functions over macros?

You should prefer functions when you need type safety, better readability, and maintainability. Functions also allow for recursion and can be overloaded.

Can you give an example of a macro and a function that do the same thing?

Sure! A simple macro could be #define SQUARE(x) ((x) * (x)), while the function would be inline int square(int x) { return x * x; }. The function is safer and easier to debug.