What are the scope rules in C++?

What are the scope rules in C++?

In C++, scope refers to the visibility and lifetime of variables. There are several types of scopes: local, global, and class scope.

Can you explain local and global scope with examples?

Sure! A local variable is declared within a function and can only be accessed there. For example:

void myFunction() {
    int localVar = 5; // local scope
}

A global variable is declared outside of all functions and can be accessed anywhere in the file:

globalVar = 10; // global scope

What happens if a local variable has the same name as a global variable?

If a local variable has the same name as a global variable, the local variable will shadow the global one within its scope. You can access the global variable using the scope resolution operator ::.

Are there any rules for variable lifetime in C++?

Yes, the lifetime of a variable is tied to its scope. Local variables exist only while the function is executing, while global variables exist for the duration of the program.