How does the performance of std::deque compare to std::vector in C++?

How does the performance of std::deque compare to std::vector in C++?

The performance of std::deque is generally better for operations that involve adding or removing elements from both ends, while std::vector is more efficient for random access and adding/removing elements at the end.

What are the time complexities for push_back and push_front in std::deque?

In std::deque, push_back and push_front operations have an average time complexity of O(1). However, in some cases, it can be O(n) due to the need for reallocating memory.

Are there any scenarios where std::vector outperforms std::deque?

Yes, std::vector outperforms std::deque in scenarios where you need fast random access or when you frequently add or remove elements at the end, as it has better cache locality.

Can you give an example of when to use std::deque over std::vector?

Use std::deque when you need to frequently add or remove elements from both ends of the container, such as in a double-ended queue implementation.