What are the differences between C++ templates and polymorphism?

What are the differences between C++ templates and polymorphism?

C++ templates allow for generic programming, enabling functions and classes to operate with any data type. Polymorphism, on the other hand, allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon, typically through inheritance.

Can you give an example of when to use templates over polymorphism?

Sure! Use templates when you need a function or class to work with multiple data types without code duplication. For instance, a template function for sorting can handle any data type. Use polymorphism when you want to define a common interface for different classes, like a base class for shapes with a method to calculate area.

Are there performance differences between using templates and polymorphism?

Yes, templates can lead to better performance because they are resolved at compile time, resulting in optimized code. Polymorphism, especially with virtual functions, incurs a runtime overhead due to dynamic dispatch.

Which one is more commonly used in modern C++?

Both are widely used, but templates have gained popularity due to the rise of generic programming and the Standard Template Library (STL). Polymorphism is still essential for object-oriented design.